“Daily life struggle of Unorganised Labours”

“Daily life struggle of Unorganized Laborers” 

            (based on own family experience)

 

Labours who are waiting to Contractor and vendor at labour square in city Wardha (image src is also  me)

Today’s growing economy in India is changing its pattern. In a ground-level position is mostly occupant by a labour class, which is a high density of population. The economy gets sudden shifts which are effects on positive changes for those who are economically empowered and become rich, in all manner like political, social, educationally and other primary needs all is in hands, who is in power. Today millions of peoples are works on daily wages, weekly wages and monthly wages which is not more than that their working efficiency.

The labourer is more laborious, hard work, working determination, punctuality, loyalty, the honesty of work which make them very effective for his workplace. But the current situation is very worsening which is a major impact on their livelihood is not good for them. I always think that why the labour class are faced such problem like any major changes in economy and development the effects were faced by them in all condition such as inflation, medical facilities, education, food, clothes, salaries, totally disturb their living pattern. Why any major changes were dramatically shifts to occurring threats firstly on this class.

I am daily observing this, most of the peoples who working as labour, they are not decides the value of his work it is decided by the other who is vendor and anyone is in power. If we take his working hours and physical effort, then give them a chance to decide the price of his working efforts. In standard accents, the person who works at hazardous places those labours is called as blue caller jobbers and those who are working in office jobs/soft jobs that are called white caller jobbers.

 

Here is a major drawback in the equal salary concept to discriminate with the labour who gives them physical efforts. When Prehistory labour transportation and the post history of labour transportation are similar, but it gets a modern touch. Now the labour transportation for working is getting major shifts most in the constructions sites.  They took the labour from unskilled and belong to remotes area there is lacking in facilities and vendor deal with them in the least amount of wages. They have no other way to refuse this deal if it will be denying the agreement, he/she never get the work for this day and the whole day they are unemployed not to earn money and go back home at evening time.

Labour transportation from village to village on the way of Wardha to Kangaon (image src is also  me)

Labour is the most dissent person who always suppresses by the powerful contractor, vendor and real estate engineer who appoint them on work at minimum wages. Most of the time they are unskilled and unorganised, and they have never any private organisation to support them to their rights and their life. The labour class people are highly deprived by his unawareness about the right to work and liberty at the working place.

Dr B R Ambedkar who also work on behalf of the labour and form the labour party and make various law to make them his all rights, like working hours, medical, sanitation, insurance.

There are various laws made by the government but the implementation of its very poorly. Industrial disputes act, minimum wages act, contract labour act, this acts made for labours welfare but it’s not. Because it is not properly applicable for their safety when any serious injuries have occurred at working places. We also know about the child labours are not allowed on hazardous working sites but they are forced to them to work because they were work on very low wages.

“There is special law were made by government the child labour (prohibition and regulation) amendment bill, 2016 to curbing the use of child on heavily worked places” because its profit only for those contractors who hire them because of they paid that child at minimum wages. The current situation is also the same after amendment in-laws for child labours, it’s not finished because so many children are working at those places due to family condition or if they orphan and migrated to.

As per Dr Ambedkar words “on the one hand alerts the labouring and the poor that, they are starving without necessary food and on the other, are illiterate and equipped.”

Women's also work on minimum wages in various places like glossary shops, retail stores, house working as a maid, also work on hazardous sites at low wages, without any safety standards at workplaces. which is not appropriate for women because of most of the time at working places there have lacked in facilities like sanitation, drinking water, first aid, restrooms, child feeding room for pregnant women. The government had also passed the act for working women like paid leaves when she is pregnant but this law is not applicable in the unorganised sector this is the major limitation of that law why it away from that facilities.

Women and children on working site (image src by me)

Here also working time is not fixed for that labour. She also does the same work same time but her earning wages is very less than one man wages. She has also faced a various problem like abuse words, discrimination, and unwanted physical touch to by male worker or the vendor or supervisor.

“Karl Marx, with his labour theory of value, argues that under capitalism, all value is produced by labour, which is forced by the class of capitalists to work longer than is necessary to provide for their subsistence and, over time, for their ‘customary’ standard of life as the economy grows and wages rise.”

“The capitalist exploits the labouring class by appropriating the surplus value produced by labour, which is the value of output in excess of the value of their wages. Surplus value is distributed as profits, interest and rent, and profits can be reinvested in expanding production and in this way lead to economic growth”. 

“Marx argues that his scientific analysis of capitalism shows that exploitation is inevitable under the system and that only by transcending it and moving to socialism can exploitation be overcome. Thus not only is this theory claimed to be scientific, but it is also political and ideological. – get this by economist Joan Robinson essay”

The right now most of the people who migrate from one place to another place for employment, Like village to village, village to semi-urban and semi-urban to the metro. The unskilled worker who working at dangerous places like building constructions road construction and also working at railway tract the people who belong to the village and they trade worker who transforms for work for one places to another place. It has been the governments existing policies were work in proper order, it will be a major support to them and their work to accelerate his working efficiency and to set the line of daily wages. Also to have their register vendor to take all the responsibilities of that person is working on his liability.  Those who job giver to provide the entire safety standard at the working place. Because most of the time at worksites there have absences of these facilities if the labour is unskilled and physically able to give them that kind of work which he/she can be done.

 Labours work at construction sites(image src by me)

In one of the major unskilled worker who working sector in constructions sites, the building and construction workers, Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services Acts, 1996 and also the building and other constructions workers cess act 1996 which is enacted by the government for that labours who are working as Porter who carry heavyweight on the shoulder at storages section, food market, and other sector were this are working.

The labour challenges are the national crisis which raises the huge unemployment rate on the current news from the unemployment rate of 6.1 per cent. This is the current crisis were faced by the unemployed educated and uneducated also. Every year near about half of the millions of people who are graduated as well as post-graduated and also those who not able to taking education due to family income they are in counted as under the unskilled labour.

“MGNREGA the government organization basically designed for the rural labour which enacts in the year of September 2005, 07. The act was first proposed in 1991 by Narasimha Rao. In 2006, it was finally accepted in the parliament and commenced implementation in 200 districts of India. Based on this pilot experience, NREGA was scoped up to cover all the districts of India from 1 April 2008. Over Rs, 50,000cr is spent on the scheme every year. With tens of millions of workers, it is considered the ‘largest public works programmed in the world’ by a number of participants. It’s designed to provide the job on a guarantee for rural labour total 100 days. But it is not appropriate which provides job only 100 days on minimum wages of rupees from states wises are Haryana 277, Karnataka 236, Maharashtra of rupees 201, Bihar 178 as per a report by Trisha Thomas. This wage is not sufficient for labour because they are not afforded any commodity prices when it is increased at a high margin.  As current economic conditions of rural labours not good and the 100 days work on wages is not enough because they are already unskilled and unknown any other jobs whichever used it at working places.”

In my context, if we need to manage the labour overpopulation in the country, we have to change the labour working policy. To provide them with a job at their own location. It will become the most reliable idea to change for the livelihood of the people at their own places to help them at sufficient like time-saving, transportation cost, migration problem will be solved in such per cent because the manpower in India is very high and day to day its raise like unskilled working persons and skilled working persons. Now we have to make a proper plan for those. We know there is already various jobs are available for a skilled worker, but what is that labour who is not skilled. Here we have to maintain job load and improve in employment in all sector, the unorganised labours haven’t any proper job they work on at their own risk at any place.

Now the raising in Technology is good for development but its overutilization was impacted on the labours because of most of the constructions site are uses the technological equipment who decrease the size of the labour (one machine is equal to 10 labours) that’s the reasons to rising unemployment in the country because of uses of technologies are playing the role as working labour and sucking jobs of the labours and also those who are doing jobs in small scale industries, MSME, Large scale industries, are using in huge numbers of technology on behalf of them.  As we use the technology we have to not pay regular amounts because it only needs maintenance and repairing cost is very cheap. There are no major accidents that we faced the use of its.

Decades ago, renowned economists John Maynard Keynes and Wassily Leontief foretold a time when artificial intelligence would produce “technological unemployment.” In their view, labour would become less important and workers would be replaced by machines. Science fiction writers often capitalize on plots where robots take over tasks traditionally performed by humans. In such a scenario, what would be the implications in today’s labour market? According to “Robots and jobs: evidence from US labour markets” (National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. 23285, March 2017) by Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo, the use of industrial robots may reduce employment and wages in the U.S. economy.